Evolution of STS ethical standards: adjudication, policy making, and education.
نویسندگان
چکیده
r William Beaumont provided one of the earliest Ddiscussions of ethics specifically related to surgery and in particular to surgical research when, in 1833, he described his experiments with Alexis St. Martin’s gastric fistula [1]. Dr Beaumont was one of the first scientists in any field who obtained the consent of the research subject, mentioned requirements that would avoid harm to the research subjects, and allowed subjects to withdraw from an experiment when they wished:
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عنوان ژورنال:
- The Annals of thoracic surgery
دوره 97 1 Suppl شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2014